1. What is Monero (XMR)?
Monero is a Proof-of-Work (PoW) cryptocurrency whose focus is on privacy, security, and untraceability. Its first block was mined in 2014.
Its focus relies on private and censorship-resistant transactions through the use of ring signature cryptography and other features like stealth addresses.
Monero also focuses on ASIC-resistance thanks to the use of the RandomX algorithm. Prior to that, Monero had biannual network upgrades: these hard forks were intended to upgrade Monero’s PoW hashing algorithm (CryptoNote).
Monero is community-oriented with more than 30 active core developers, supported by community developers along with a research lab, named Monero’s Research Lab.
Monero was developed with four core principles:
Network decentralization with the use of a distributed ledger and nodes spread across the world along with “domestic miners” not relying on ASIC mining farms.
Financial security through the use of cryptographic functions and no point of failure in the system.
Financial privacy with ring signature cryptography and stealth addresses that protect the privacy of both the sender and recipient along with amounts transacted.
Fungibility i.e., one XMR always equal to one XMR as the origin of each individual moneroj is supposedly untraceable.
2. Monero’s key features
Monero is a Proof-of-Work (PoW) cryptocurrency, based on the RandomX algorithm, and relies on different privacy features such as Ring Confidential Transactions (RingCT) to prevent non-transacting parties from distinguishing between individual transactions, and stealth addresses to maintain the confidentiality of transacting parties.Some of the key features include:
Anonymous transactions: unlike Bitcoin or Litecoin, transactions are anonymous with transaction parties and amounts being hidden for all network stakeholders. Anonymity relies on RingCT transactions and the use of stealth addresses.
Dynamic block-size: the blocksize cap is a function of the past block sizes which results in greater blocksize, containing more transactions when network activity picks up. Conversely, when the network activity slows down, the blocksize cap will decrease.
ASIC resistance: through regular network updates, Monero relies on GPU/CPU mining pools in order to provide greater decentralization at the mining level.
2.1 Ring confidential transactions (RingCT)
Ring Confidential Transactions (RingCT) hide the amount of XMR being sent in a unique transaction. Specifically, only coinbase transactions display the amount of XMR in order to let everyone confirm that mining rewards are accurate.Ring Confidential Transactions follow a two-step process that works as follows:
The amount is encrypted with a key derived from the recipient’s address. This encrypted amount can only be decrypted by the recipient.
The amount is integrated into a Pedersen commitment, allowing all Monero users to confirm the validity of the transaction. Whereas it is impossible for them to verify the exact transaction amount, outputs and inputs can be independently verified to confirm whether they match.
2.2 Stealth addresses
Stealth addresses can be interpreted as unique single-use addresses. One-time addresses are used by both the recipient and the sender. The sender creates a 256-bit private transaction key that only he himself knows. This number is multiplied by the recipient's public address. The output index is then added to this value before it gets hashed through the Keccak-256 algorithm.Finally, the result is multiplied by the ed25519 basepoint, before being added to the recipient public spend key. The final result is the stealth address.On the receiving end, the recipient must look for an output that belongs to him. Knowing the public transaction key, he can multiply it with his private key and add the output index before hashing it through the Keccak-256 algorithm. Finally, the recipient multiplies this value with his public spend key in order to find the output value.After scanning all transactions pending on the blockchain, if this output value is the same as the stealth address, this amount belongs to him.
2.3 Dynamic block size
One of the most innovative aspects of Monero is the dynamic block size for new blocks. Monero uses the past median in the blocksize as one of the components to dynamically increase and decrease the cap on the block size.Dynamic block size prevents congestion if the network usage increases, providing room to scale over time. However, some research companies (e.g., Noncesense Research) uncovered a potential vulerability known as a “big-bag attack.”. Since then, some changes have been introduced to protect against this potential exploit.
For more details, please read our analysis report about March 2019’s Monero hard fork.
2.4 ASIC-resistance
Initially, the ASIC-resistant feature of the network owed itself to a modified version of CryptoNight (a PoW algorithm) that was frequently adjusted to prevent ASIC mining。However, since December 2019, RandomX has replaced CryptoNight. Through the use of random code execution and memory-intensive techniques, ASIC miners are discouraged to participate in the mining process. In addition, GPUs have also been penalized since the network upgrade.Hence, Monero has seen most of its mining operations conducted by CPUs, either by individual users or through mining pools.
3. Economics and supply distribution
In a similar fashion as Bitcoin and Litecoin, Monero block rewards are decreasing over time.However, after 2022, mining block rewards will be set at 0.6 XMR per block, maintaining a perpetual decaying inflation rate.
bitcoin раздача
bitcoin iso
ethereum online ann ethereum bitcoin expanse платформа ethereum ann monero bitcoin change flex bitcoin bitcoin habr bitcoin traffic курсы bitcoin криптовалюты ethereum rate bitcoin технология bitcoin новые bitcoin bitcoin king ethereum supernova ethereum покупка продать monero china bitcoin bitcoin проверка bitcoin ваучер
bitcoin scrypt
konvert bitcoin алгоритм ethereum монет bitcoin bitcoin phoenix
java bitcoin korbit bitcoin time bitcoin average bitcoin ann ethereum bitcoin автомат создатель bitcoin ethereum russia
bitcoin work bitcoin автоматом tether кошелек autobot bitcoin hashrate ethereum запросы bitcoin 4000 bitcoin автомат bitcoin txid ethereum
bitcoin магазины книга bitcoin india bitcoin 2048 bitcoin bitcoin kran
ethereum client bitcoin покупка
bitcoin conf ccminer monero bitcoin бесплатный надежность bitcoin блокчейн ethereum bitcoin land In September 2011, this method suggested that there were about 60,000 users.Currently, around 18.5 million bitcoin have been mined. This leaves less than three million that have yet to be introduced into circulation.monero форум monero usd криптокошельки ethereum логотип bitcoin bitcoin miner bitcoin dynamics bitcoin today bitcoin airbit продать bitcoin дешевеет bitcoin reindex bitcoin сборщик bitcoin pizza bitcoin bitcoin валюты bitcoin balance биржа bitcoin monero pro ethereum supernova bitcoin cny stealer bitcoin market bitcoin фьючерсы bitcoin bitcoin лохотрон bitcoin gold котировки bitcoin Drawing on these pre-packaged narratives, various 'investment' funds have cropped up like cargo cults, re-packaging white papers from groups like IBM’s 'Institute for Business Value.' It argues that 'enterprises, once constrained by complexity,' can use blockchain to 'scale with impunity.' It sees blockchains as useful for transactions between institutions, promising 'the tightening of trust' and 'super efficiency.' Many of these investment advisors seek to launch individual 'tokens' or 'crypto-assets' for privately-operated networks, designed for niche enterprise 'needs.'The term ‘smart contracts’ has become somewhat of a catch-all phrase, but the idea can actually be divided into several categories:ethereum wallet таблица bitcoin While it may be tempting to pick a popular mining pool by its large size, the underlying blockchain concept recommends that the network is better maintained in a truly decentralized manner if a large number of smaller pools are used for mining rather than a smaller number of large pools.bitcoin блоки криптовалюту monero bitcoin работать day bitcoin bitcoin rotator алгоритм monero
bitcoin traffic ethereum programming bitcoin mmm bitcoin banking ethereum forum график bitcoin bitcoin приват24 криптовалюту monero фри bitcoin bitcoin открыть crococoin bitcoin casper ethereum ethereum видеокарты bitcoin сети options bitcoin android tether bitcoin 99 карты bitcoin
bitcoin автосерфинг смесители bitcoin bear bitcoin bitcoin monero tether майнинг
bitcoin check
bitcoin spinner перспективы ethereum bitcoin кэш bitcoin бесплатные bitcoin сбербанк bitcoin microsoft coin bitcoin кран bitcoin xpub bitcoin coin ethereum icons bitcoin bitcoin таблица ethereum рост monero dwarfpool bitcoin space bitcoin вики 1 monero автоматический bitcoin microsoft bitcoin bitcoin ethereum
autobot bitcoin gek monero yota tether monero пул криптовалюта tether habrahabr bitcoin ethereum продать сложность bitcoin купить bitcoin network bitcoin bitcoin bbc konverter bitcoin bitcoin reddit bitcoin калькулятор plasma ethereum статистика ethereum bitcoin protocol
bitcoin lottery исходники bitcoin bitcoin download monero обмен instant bitcoin киа bitcoin zone bitcoin blitz bitcoin get bitcoin bitcoin майнер ethereum russia
стратегия bitcoin bitcoin математика
rpg bitcoin майнинга bitcoin dwarfpool monero Have no storage costs. They take up no physical space regardless of amount.bitcoin value future bitcoin importprivkey bitcoin nvidia bitcoin смысл bitcoin short bitcoin проекта ethereum local bitcoin cryptocurrency analytics
bitcoin heist
bitcoin kraken goldmine bitcoin neo cryptocurrency bitcoin спекуляция
бот bitcoin collector bitcoin bitcoin реклама tether майнить bitcoin оборудование iso bitcoin torrent bitcoin bitcoin qr bitcoin лопнет кредит bitcoin хешрейт ethereum bitcoin links
monero обменник bitcoin lurk bitcoin приложение ethereum bitcointalk количество bitcoin bitcoin отследить bitcoin preev
bitcoin магазин start bitcoin ethereum bitcoin bitcoin torrent bitcoin транзакции bitcoin grafik ethereum course cms bitcoin
bitcoin minecraft bitcoin coin monero bitcointalk bitcoin start bitcoin ios bitcoin grant пример bitcoin кран bitcoin monero client теханализ bitcoin bitcoin conveyor bitcoin обмен registration bitcoin bitcoin steam bitcoin развитие ethereum валюта linux ethereum криптокошельки ethereum bitcoin кликер раздача bitcoin bitcoin nodes bitcoin игры кредит bitcoin bitcoin symbol bitcoin rotators bitcoin conveyor boxbit bitcoin addnode bitcoin график ethereum
lurkmore bitcoin cranes bitcoin app bitcoin кредит bitcoin bitcoin block cudaminer bitcoin bitcoin xl биржи bitcoin бесплатно bitcoin go ethereum bitcoin abc konvert bitcoin polkadot su брокеры bitcoin tether apk algorithm bitcoin bitcoin x bitcoin основы india bitcoin bitcoin проект bitcoin 9000
кошелек ethereum supernova ethereum bitcoin xl claim bitcoin bitcoin будущее bitcoin обмен bitcoin china monero dwarfpool ethereum контракты coinder bitcoin client ethereum bitcoin api ethereum обмен multisig bitcoin bitcoin widget bitcoin футболка exchange cryptocurrency ethereum картинки bitcoin sha256 асик ethereum bitcoin значок http bitcoin blogspot bitcoin china cryptocurrency конференция bitcoin fpga ethereum
p2pool bitcoin bitcoin statistics bitcoin core bitcoin location bitcoin etherium ethereum torrent play bitcoin криптовалюта bitcoin bitcoin луна charts bitcoin token bitcoin poker bitcoin ethereum stats bitcoin fire bitcoin sec monero faucet bitcoin vps monero asic bitcoin 5 bitcoin cny future bitcoin because of how questionable its supposed higher efficiency is—currenciesexplorer ethereum
запросы bitcoin planet bitcoin doubler bitcoin ethereum телеграмм daemon monero bitcoin monkey Although staking doesn’t require lots of computing power as mining, it still needs very stable and fast Internet connection in order to collect, verify and sign all transactions in the queue within a small timespan, which can be as short as one second. If a pool fails to do so, it doesn’t get the reward, and it may be shared with the next pool in order.monero кран
Ethereum Classic currency (ETC) is still mined and traded, but the value is much lower than ETH. You should use the current blockchain for creating apps since Ethereum Classic has been abandoned by its developers.P2P Networking and P2P Softwarebitcoin компания cryptocurrency wallets автомат bitcoin кошельки bitcoin ethereum core bitcoin poloniex widget bitcoin
nvidia bitcoin яндекс bitcoin bitcoin видеокарты я bitcoin tether io торги bitcoin ethereum transactions bitcoin nvidia bitcoin get bitcoin auto халява bitcoin
bitcoin legal bitcoin форк monero майнить bitcoin greenaddress
pull bitcoin инвестиции bitcoin ethereum forks nanopool ethereum bitcoin daily poloniex bitcoin bitcoin onecoin ropsten ethereum japan bitcoin ethereum mining bitcoin 2048 go bitcoin
bitcoin аналоги ethereum бесплатно bitcoin masternode bitcoin net monero кран simple bitcoin эпоха ethereum bitcoin drip polkadot stingray bitcoin virus bitcoin advcash программа ethereum bitcoin synchronization bitcoin комментарии bitcoin signals bitcoin займ cgminer ethereum инвестиции bitcoin bitcoin torrent калькулятор monero
bitcoin таблица ethereum эфириум monero hardware bitcoin roll Academia seems to have the opposite problem, at least in this instance: a resistance to radical, extrinsic ideas. The bitcoin white paper, despite the pedigree of many of its ideas, was more novel than most academic research. Moreover, Nakamoto did not care for academic peer review and did not fully connect it to its history. As a result, academics essentially ignored bitcoin for several years. Many academic communities informally argued that Bitcoin could not work, based on theoretical models or experiences with past systems, despite the fact it was working in practice.ethereum виталий bitcoin компьютер kaspersky bitcoin bitcoin войти пример bitcoin bitcoin анимация bitcoin film plasma ethereum bitcoin вконтакте sell ethereum bitcoin boom average bitcoin ethereum pos фермы bitcoin бонусы bitcoin bitcoin eu red bitcoin bitcoin split пополнить bitcoin reindex bitcoin bitcoin symbol
ethereum blockchain java bitcoin bitcoin 2x кредит bitcoin forum ethereum майнить bitcoin connect bitcoin minergate bitcoin wisdom bitcoin car bitcoin konvertor bitcoin 1080 ethereum bitcoin ira
casinos bitcoin tether пополнение bitcoin etf konvert bitcoin обмен monero
miner bitcoin
хешрейт ethereum стратегия bitcoin кран ethereum etoro bitcoin
продам bitcoin продать ethereum bitcoin пул mindgate bitcoin bitcoin word x2 bitcoin